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Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Management (CIWA-Ar)

Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Management (CIWA-Ar): Alcohol Withdrawal Risk → Risk Assessment → CIWA-Ar Assessment → CIWA-Ar Score Interpretation → Minima...

Interactive Decision Tree

Mini Map

Algorithm Steps

  1. Start

    Alcohol Withdrawal Risk

    Patient with heavy alcohol use stopping/reducing

    1. Action

      Risk Assessment

      Identify high-risk patients

      • History of withdrawal seizures or DT
      • Daily heavy drinking >10 years
      • Prior complicated withdrawals
      • Concurrent illness/surgery
      • Age >65
      1. Action

        CIWA-Ar Assessment

        Score 0-67 based on 10 items

        • Nausea/vomiting (0-7)
        • Tremor (0-7)
        • Sweating (0-7)
        • Anxiety (0-7)
        • Agitation (0-7)
        • Tactile disturbances (0-7)
        • Auditory disturbances (0-7)
        • Visual disturbances (0-7)
        • Headache (0-7)
        • Orientation/clouding (0-4)
        1. Decision

          CIWA-Ar Score Interpretation

          Guides treatment intensity

          • 0-8: Minimal withdrawal
          • 9-15: Mild withdrawal
          • 16-20: Moderate withdrawal
          • >20: Severe withdrawal
          1. Action

            Minimal (CIWA 0-8)

            Supportive care, monitoring

            • No pharmacotherapy needed
            • Supportive care
            • Reassess CIWA q4-8h
            • Thiamine 100mg daily
            1. Action

              Supportive Measures (All Patients)

              Essential adjuncts

              • Thiamine 100mg IV/IM x3 days before glucose
              • Folate 1mg daily
              • Electrolyte repletion (Mg, K, Phos)
              • IV fluids if dehydrated
              • Quiet, well-lit environment
              • Fall precautions
              1. Action

                Monitoring

                Frequency based on severity

                • CIWA q1h during active treatment
                • CIWA q4h once stable
                • Vitals q2-4h
                • Watch for aspiration if sedated
                1. Outcome

                  Disposition Planning

                  After withdrawal managed

                  • Addiction medicine/psychiatry consult
                  • Consider naltrexone, acamprosate
                  • Outpatient treatment referral
                  • Social work involvement
          2. Action

            Mild (CIWA 9-15)

            Consider PRN benzos

            • May observe without medication
            • Or PRN benzos if high risk
            • Reassess CIWA q2-4h
            • Thiamine + multivitamin
          3. Action

            Moderate (CIWA 16-20)

            Symptom-triggered benzos

            • Lorazepam 2-4mg or Diazepam 10-20mg
            • Repeat q1h until CIWA <10
            • CIWA q1-2h during active treatment
            • Thiamine 100mg IV before glucose
            1. Action

              Benzodiazepine Options

              Choose based on patient factors

              • Lorazepam: 2-4mg PO/IV q1h PRN (liver disease, elderly)
              • Diazepam: 10-20mg PO/IV q1h PRN (active metabolite, longer)
              • Chlordiazepoxide: 50-100mg q6h (oral, outpatient)
              • Symptom-triggered > fixed-dose in most cases
          4. Action

            Severe (CIWA >20)

            Aggressive treatment required

            • Higher/more frequent benzo doses
            • Consider ICU monitoring
            • May need phenobarbital adjunct
            • Watch for respiratory depression
            1. Warning

              ⚠️ Delirium Tremens (DT)

              Medical emergency - mortality 5-15% untreated

              • Onset 48-72h after last drink
              • Confusion, hallucinations, autonomic instability
              • ICU admission recommended
              • High-dose IV benzos
              • Consider propofol/dexmedetomidine if refractory
          5. Warning

            ⚠️ Withdrawal Seizures

            Peak 12-48h after last drink

            • Usually generalized tonic-clonic
            • Treat with IV benzo (lorazepam 4mg)
            • May herald DT development
            • Not typically chronic epilepsy

Guideline Source

ASAM Clinical Practice Guideline on Alcohol Withdrawal Management

Clinical Safety Information

Clinical Decision Support — Not a Substitute for Clinical Judgment

Individual patient factors may require deviation from these recommendations.

Known Limitations

  • CIWA requires patient cooperation (may not be usable if intubated/obtunded)
  • Does not replace clinical judgment
  • Concurrent medical conditions may affect presentation
  • Drug dosing should follow institutional protocols
  • Delirium tremens is medical emergency

Applicable Regions

USEUGlobal

Global: CIWA-Ar widely adopted internationally

Version 1Next review: 2027-01-11

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Management (CIWA-Ar)?

The Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Management (CIWA-Ar) is a management clinical algorithm for Internal Medicine. It provides a structured decision tree to guide clinical decision-making, based on ASAM Clinical Practice Guideline on Alcohol Withdrawal Management.

What guideline is the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Management (CIWA-Ar) based on?

This algorithm is based on ASAM Clinical Practice Guideline on Alcohol Withdrawal Management (DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000573).

What are the limitations of the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Management (CIWA-Ar)?

Known limitations include: CIWA requires patient cooperation (may not be usable if intubated/obtunded); Does not replace clinical judgment; Concurrent medical conditions may affect presentation; Drug dosing should follow institutional protocols; Delirium tremens is medical emergency. Individual patient factors may require deviation from these recommendations.

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