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Acute Appendicitis Management (WSES 2020)

Acute Appendicitis Management (WSES 2020): START: Suspected Acute Appendicitis → Clinical Assessment → Risk Stratification → Imaging Needed? → Low Risk.

Interactive Decision Tree

Mini Map

Algorithm Steps

  1. Start

    START: Suspected Acute Appendicitis

    RLQ pain, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, fever

    1. Action

      Clinical Assessment

      History and physical exam

      • Classic presentation: Periumbilical pain → RLQ
      • Anorexia, nausea, low-grade fever
      • McBurney point tenderness
      • Rovsing, psoas, obturator signs
      • Labs: WBC, CRP (elevated supports diagnosis)
      1. Action

        Risk Stratification

        Use clinical scoring

        • Alvarado Score or AIR Score
        • LOW RISK (Alvarado ≤4): Unlikely appendicitis
        • INTERMEDIATE (5-6): Imaging recommended
        • HIGH RISK (≥7): High probability, consider surgery
        1. Decision

          Imaging Needed?

          Based on clinical probability

          1. Action

            Low Risk

            Unlikely appendicitis

            • Consider alternative diagnoses
            • Observation with re-evaluation
            • Discharge with return precautions
            1. Outcome

              Discharge

              Post-operative or post-treatment

              • Tolerating diet
              • Pain controlled
              • Afebrile
              • Follow-up in 1-2 weeks
              • Return if fever, worsening pain, wound issues
          2. Action

            Imaging

            Confirm diagnosis

            • CT abdomen/pelvis (gold standard in adults)
            • Ultrasound (first-line in children, pregnancy)
            • MRI if pregnant and US inconclusive
            • Findings: Dilated appendix >6mm, periappendiceal fat stranding, appendicolith
            1. Decision

              Appendicitis Confirmed?

              Imaging or clinical diagnosis

              1. Decision

                Classify Appendicitis

                Complicated vs uncomplicated

                • UNCOMPLICATED: No perforation, abscess, or diffuse peritonitis
                • COMPLICATED: Perforation, abscess, phlegmon, diffuse peritonitis
                1. Action

                  Uncomplicated Appendicitis

                  Treatment options

                  • SURGERY (standard): Laparoscopic appendectomy
                  • ANTIBIOTICS ONLY: Select patients, shared decision-making
                  • - Antibiotics: Ertapenem or Ceftriaxone + Metronidazole
                  • - 15-30% recurrence rate at 5 years
                  • Surgery preferred if appendicolith present
                  1. Action

                    Appendectomy

                    Surgical treatment

                    • Laparoscopic preferred over open
                    • Single-dose preoperative antibiotics
                    • Typical recovery 1-2 days
                    • Pathology to rule out neoplasm
                2. Warning

                  Complicated Appendicitis

                  More complex management

                  • PERFORATION with PERITONITIS: Urgent surgery
                  • ABSCESS/PHLEGMON: IV antibiotics ± percutaneous drainage
                  • - Consider interval appendectomy 6-8 weeks later
                  • Broad-spectrum antibiotics covering GNR and anaerobes
          3. Action

            High Clinical Probability

            May proceed without imaging

            • Alvarado ≥7 with classic presentation
            • Young male with classic symptoms
            • Surgical consult, consider direct to OR

Guideline Source

WSES Jerusalem Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Appendicitis

Clinical Safety Information

Clinical Decision Support — Not a Substitute for Clinical Judgment

Individual patient factors may require deviation from these recommendations.

Known Limitations

  • Antibiotics-only approach still evolving
  • Pediatric and pregnant patients need special consideration
  • Scoring systems aid but don't replace clinical judgment
  • Local surgical practice may vary

Applicable Regions

USEUGlobal

Global: WSES 2020 widely adopted

Version 1Next review: 2028-01-01

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Acute Appendicitis Management (WSES 2020)?

The Acute Appendicitis Management (WSES 2020) is a emergency clinical algorithm for Emergency Medicine. It provides a structured decision tree to guide clinical decision-making, based on WSES Jerusalem Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Appendicitis.

What guideline is the Acute Appendicitis Management (WSES 2020) based on?

This algorithm is based on WSES Jerusalem Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Appendicitis (DOI: 10.1186/s13017-020-00306-3).

What are the limitations of the Acute Appendicitis Management (WSES 2020)?

Known limitations include: Antibiotics-only approach still evolving; Pediatric and pregnant patients need special consideration; Scoring systems aid but don't replace clinical judgment; Local surgical practice may vary. Individual patient factors may require deviation from these recommendations.

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