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AnesthesiologyEmergency

Laryngospasm Management

Laryngospasm Management: Laryngospasm Suspected → Recognition of Laryngospasm → Call for Help → Initial Management - CPAP + Jaw Thrust → Spasm Relieved?.

Interactive Decision Tree

Mini Map

Algorithm Steps

  1. Start

    Laryngospasm Suspected

    Signs of laryngeal obstruction during/after anesthesia

    1. Action

      Recognition of Laryngospasm

      Clinical signs

      • Complete obstruction: silent (no air movement)
      • Partial obstruction: inspiratory stridor, crowing
      • Paradoxical chest/abdominal movement
      • Tracheal tug, intercostal recession
      • Desaturation (may be rapid)
      • Common triggers: secretions, blood, light anesthesia, airway manipulation
      1. Action

        Call for Help

        Get assistance immediately

        • Alert OR team/nursing
        • Call for senior anesthesia help
        • Prepare emergency equipment
        1. Action

          Initial Management - CPAP + Jaw Thrust

          First-line treatment

          • 100% oxygen via tight-fitting face mask
          • Apply firm CPAP (sustained positive pressure)
          • Two-handed jaw thrust technique
          • Suction oropharynx (remove stimulus)
          • Insert oral airway if tolerated
          • LARSON'S MANEUVER: firm pressure in 'laryngospasm notch'
          • (behind ear lobe, anterior to mastoid, posterior to ascending ramus)
          1. Decision

            Spasm Relieved?

            Assess response to CPAP and maneuvers

            1. Action

              Spasm Resolved - Stabilize

              Post-spasm management

              • Maintain oxygenation
              • Suction secretions
              • Observe for recurrence
              • Deepen anesthesia if surgery ongoing
              • Consider dexamethasone for airway edema
              • Document incident thoroughly
              1. Action

                Post-Event Considerations

                Monitoring and disposition

                • Observe for negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE)
                • Symptoms: pink frothy sputum, hypoxia, infiltrates
                • CXR if concerned
                • Extended PACU monitoring
                • Consider ICU if NPPE or prolonged hypoxia
                • Document and discuss with patient/family
                1. Outcome

                  Airway Secured

                  Continue anesthetic/recovery care

            2. Decision

              Complete Obstruction / Desaturation?

              SpO2 falling or no air entry

              1. Action

                Deepen Anesthesia

                If spasm persists with partial obstruction

                • Propofol 0.5-1 mg/kg IV (small boluses)
                • Continue CPAP with O2
                • May break spasm without paralysis
                • Avoid large doses (apnea risk)
              2. Warning

                ⚠️ Succinylcholine

                Muscle relaxation for refractory spasm

                • IV ACCESS PRESENT:
                • Succinylcholine 0.1-0.5 mg/kg IV
                • (smaller dose may suffice)
                • NO IV ACCESS:
                • Succinylcholine 1-2 mg/kg IM (deltoid/tongue)
                • Or 4 mg/kg IM (if rapid onset needed)
                • PRETREAT with atropine 20 mcg/kg IV/IM if:
                • - Child <10 years
                • - Repeat dose of succinylcholine
                • CONTRAINDICATIONS: hyperkalemia risk, MH history
                1. Action

                  Secure Airway

                  Intubate after paralysis

                  • Bag-mask ventilate once relaxed
                  • Intubate to protect airway
                  • Suction trachea
                  • Confirm ETT placement
                  • May need repeat succinylcholine or NDMR
                2. Warning

                  ⚠️ Bradycardia/Arrest Risk

                  Hypoxia-induced bradycardia

                  • Atropine 20 mcg/kg IV if HR dropping
                  • If cardiac arrest: Start CPR immediately
                  • Epinephrine per ACLS/PALS
                  • Hypoxia is the cause - fix airway!

Guideline Source

Crisis Management of Laryngospasm - WFSA/BJAED/Consensus

Clinical Safety Information

Clinical Decision Support — Not a Substitute for Clinical Judgment

Individual patient factors may require deviation from these recommendations.

Known Limitations

  • Pediatric doses require weight-based calculation
  • Succinylcholine contraindications must be considered
  • Local protocols may vary
  • Requires skilled airway management

Applicable Regions

USEUglobal

Global: Based on WFSA and international consensus

Version 1Next review: 2027-01-01

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Laryngospasm Management?

The Laryngospasm Management is a emergency clinical algorithm for Anesthesiology. It provides a structured decision tree to guide clinical decision-making, based on Crisis Management of Laryngospasm - WFSA/BJAED/Consensus.

What guideline is the Laryngospasm Management based on?

This algorithm is based on Crisis Management of Laryngospasm - WFSA/BJAED/Consensus (DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2002.004275).

What are the limitations of the Laryngospasm Management?

Known limitations include: Pediatric doses require weight-based calculation; Succinylcholine contraindications must be considered; Local protocols may vary; Requires skilled airway management. Individual patient factors may require deviation from these recommendations.

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