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Preterm PROM Management (ACOG 2020)

Preterm PROM Management (ACOG 2020): Suspected PPROM (<37 weeks) → Confirm Diagnosis → PPROM Confirmed? → PROM Not Confirmed.

Interactive Decision Tree

Mini Map

Algorithm Steps

  1. Start

    Suspected PPROM (<37 weeks)

    Patient reports fluid leakage

    1. Action

      Confirm Diagnosis

      Sterile speculum examination

      • STERILE SPECULUM EXAM (not digital until labor)
      • Pooling of fluid in posterior fornix
      • Nitrazine test (blue = positive, pH >6.0)
      • Ferning on dried slide
      • If equivocal: AmniSure, ROM Plus, or ultrasound for AFI
      • Cervical cultures: GBS, gonorrhea, chlamydia
      1. Decision

        PPROM Confirmed?

        Based on clinical criteria

        1. Outcome

          PROM Not Confirmed

          Discharge with precautions

          • Educate on signs of ROM
          • Return if continued leaking
          • Follow-up as scheduled
        2. Action

          Initial Evaluation

          Assess maternal and fetal status

          • Gestational age confirmation
          • Fetal monitoring (NST)
          • Ultrasound: AFI, fetal presentation
          • Labs: CBC, blood type, GBS culture
          • Maternal temp, HR, uterine tenderness
          • Assess for labor, infection, abruption
          1. Decision

            Contraindications to Expectant Management?

            Assess for immediate delivery indications

            • Chorioamnionitis (fever, tachycardia, tender uterus)
            • Placental abruption
            • Non-reassuring fetal status
            • Advanced labor
            • Cord prolapse
            1. Warning

              Immediate Delivery Indicated

              Do not delay for steroids

              • Chorioamnionitis: deliver, start antibiotics
              • Non-reassuring FHR: expedite delivery
              • Cord prolapse: emergency cesarean
              • Abruption: per abruption protocol
            2. Decision

              Gestational Age

              Management by GA

              1. Action

                <23 weeks (Previable)

                Counseling and options

                • Counsel on poor prognosis
                • Options: expectant, induction, dilation/evacuation
                • If expectant: outpatient monitoring possible
                • High risk: infection, pulmonary hypoplasia
                • No steroids or tocolysis
              2. Action

                23+0 to 33+6 weeks

                Expectant management with monitoring

                • Admit to hospital
                • Antenatal corticosteroids
                • Latency antibiotics (extends latency ~1 week)
                • MgSO4 neuroprotection if <32 wks and delivery imminent
                • GBS prophylaxis in labor
                • Daily fetal monitoring, serial WBC, temps
                1. Action

                  Antenatal Corticosteroids

                  If 23+0 to 33+6 weeks

                  • Betamethasone 12mg IM q24h x 2 doses
                  • OR Dexamethasone 6mg IM q12h x 4 doses
                  • Single rescue course if >2 weeks and <34 weeks
                2. Action

                  Latency Antibiotics

                  Prolong latency, reduce infection

                  • Ampicillin 2g IV q6h x 48h + Azithromycin 1g PO x1
                  • Then Amoxicillin 500mg PO TID x 5 days
                  • Alternative: Ampicillin-sulbactam
                  • Extend latency ~1 week on average
                  • Do not use amoxicillin-clavulanate (NEC risk)
                  1. Decision

                    Timing of Delivery

                    GA-based delivery recommendations

                    • 34+0 weeks: reasonable to deliver
                    • Chorioamnionitis: deliver regardless of GA
                    • Non-reassuring FHR: deliver
                    • Abruption: per protocol
                    1. Outcome

                      Delivery

                      Vaginal preferred if no contraindication

                      • GBS prophylaxis in labor
                      • Neonatal team present
                      • Cesarean for obstetric indications
                3. Action

                  Ongoing Monitoring

                  While awaiting delivery

                  • Fetal monitoring 1-2x daily
                  • Maternal vitals q4-8h
                  • Daily WBC (rising = concern for infection)
                  • Uterine tenderness checks
                  • Watch for labor, infection, abruption
              3. Action

                34+0 to 36+6 weeks

                Consider delivery vs. expectant

                • Delivery at 34+0 is reasonable (ACOG)
                • Late preterm steroids if not previously given
                • GBS prophylaxis
                • If expectant: close monitoring, no latency abx

Guideline Source

ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 217: Prelabor Rupture of Membranes

Clinical Safety Information

Clinical Decision Support — Not a Substitute for Clinical Judgment

Individual patient factors may require deviation from these recommendations.

Known Limitations

  • Expectant management requires close monitoring
  • Latency antibiotics vary by institution
  • Previable PPROM requires shared decision-making

Applicable Regions

USEUGlobal
Version 1Next review: 2027-01-01

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Preterm PROM Management (ACOG 2020)?

The Preterm PROM Management (ACOG 2020) is a management clinical algorithm for Obstetrics & Gynecology. It provides a structured decision tree to guide clinical decision-making, based on ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 217: Prelabor Rupture of Membranes.

What guideline is the Preterm PROM Management (ACOG 2020) based on?

This algorithm is based on ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 217: Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003700).

What are the limitations of the Preterm PROM Management (ACOG 2020)?

Known limitations include: Expectant management requires close monitoring; Latency antibiotics vary by institution; Previable PPROM requires shared decision-making. Individual patient factors may require deviation from these recommendations.

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