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Blunt Splenic Injury Management (WTA 2023)

Blunt Splenic Injury Management (WTA 2023): Blunt Splenic Injury → AAST Injury Grade → Hemodynamic Status? → Unstable → Splenectomy → Post-Splenectomy C...

Interactive Decision Tree

Mini Map

Algorithm Steps

  1. Start

    Blunt Splenic Injury

    CT-confirmed splenic injury

    1. Action

      AAST Injury Grade

      Grade on CT findings

      • Grade I: Subcapsular hematoma <10%, laceration <1cm
      • Grade II: Subcapsular 10-50%, laceration 1-3cm
      • Grade III: Subcapsular >50%, laceration >3cm, intraparenchymal >5cm
      • Grade IV: Laceration involving segmental vessels, devascularization >25%
      • Grade V: Shattered spleen, hilar injury
      1. Decision

        Hemodynamic Status?

        Assess stability for NOM

        1. Warning

          Unstable → Splenectomy

          Operative management

          • Hemodynamically unstable despite resuscitation
          • Exploratory laparotomy
          • Splenectomy (damage control)
          • Splenic salvage rarely possible when unstable
          1. Action

            Post-Splenectomy Care

            OPSI prophylaxis

            • Vaccinate 14 days post-op (or before discharge):
            • • Pneumococcal (PCV13 then PPSV23)
            • • Meningococcal (MenACWY + MenB)
            • • Haemophilus influenzae type B
            • Patient education on asplenia risks
            • Medic alert bracelet
            1. Outcome

              Splenic Injury Managed

              Recovery and follow-up

        2. Decision

          Stable: NOM Candidate?

          Assess for non-operative management

          • NOM Criteria:
          • • Hemodynamically stable
          • • No peritonitis
          • • No other indication for laparotomy
          • • ICU monitoring available
          • • Transfusion threshold met
          1. Decision

            Contrast Blush on CT?

            Active extravasation

            1. Action

              Angioembolization

              For active bleeding or high-grade

              • Contrast blush on CT
              • Grade III-V injuries
              • Large hemoperitoneum
              • Proximal or selective embolization
              • Follow with ICU monitoring
              1. Decision

                NOM Successful?

                Monitor for failure

                • Failure signs:
                • • Hemodynamic instability
                • • Falling hematocrit requiring transfusion
                • • Peritonitis
                • • >4 units pRBC in 48h (relative)
                1. Warning

                  NOM Failure → OR

                  Delayed splenectomy

                  • Operative exploration
                  • Usually splenectomy
                  • Splenorrhaphy if stable and feasible
                  • Consider partial splenectomy
                2. Action

                  Discharge Planning

                  NOM success

                  • Activity restrictions (grade-dependent):
                  • Grade I-II: 3-4 weeks
                  • Grade III: 6 weeks
                  • Grade IV-V: 3 months
                  • Avoid contact sports, heavy lifting
                  • Follow-up imaging controversial
                  • Return precautions for LUQ pain
            2. Action

              Observation Only

              Low-grade, no blush

              • Grade I-II without blush
              • Serial abdominal exams
              • Serial hematocrits q6h
              • Bed rest, activity restriction
              • Repeat imaging if deteriorates

Guideline Source

WTA Critical Decisions: Blunt Splenic Injury 2023

Clinical Safety Information

Clinical Decision Support — Not a Substitute for Clinical Judgment

Individual patient factors may require deviation from these recommendations.

Known Limitations

  • Requires ICU monitoring capability for NOM
  • Angioembolization availability varies
  • Delayed splenic rupture risk with NOM
  • Post-splenectomy vaccination protocol essential

Applicable Regions

USEUGlobal
Version 1Next review: 2027-01-01

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Blunt Splenic Injury Management (WTA 2023)?

The Blunt Splenic Injury Management (WTA 2023) is a management clinical algorithm for Trauma Surgery. It provides a structured decision tree to guide clinical decision-making, based on WTA Critical Decisions: Blunt Splenic Injury 2023.

What guideline is the Blunt Splenic Injury Management (WTA 2023) based on?

This algorithm is based on WTA Critical Decisions: Blunt Splenic Injury 2023 (DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000003877).

What are the limitations of the Blunt Splenic Injury Management (WTA 2023)?

Known limitations include: Requires ICU monitoring capability for NOM; Angioembolization availability varies; Delayed splenic rupture risk with NOM; Post-splenectomy vaccination protocol essential. Individual patient factors may require deviation from these recommendations.

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